Emergence+&amp;+leadership

=The nature of the relationship between //emergence// and leadership is one of the important unanswered questions in complexity leadership.=

Group or team leadership communication and action occur in the context organizing patterns and **//emergent//** social structures.
 * Agents choose between self-interest and cooperation
 * Cooperation can lead to coordinated behaviors in routines

Agents engage in a process of **//self-transcendent construction//** in which they attempt to enable emergence as described above.
 * Agents are motivated be part of a larger whole
 * Some agents enable others to “construct” an emergent order

At least **//four levels of emergence//** have been identified. Each of these may involve a different type of leadership.
 * Networks
 * Groups
 * Hierarchy
 * Coordination

=Some results at four levels of emergence=

Networks

 * Leadership/follower influence dyads (Pines & Hubler, 1994)
 * Leaders style impacts evolution of network structure (Schreiber & Carley, 2006)

Groups

 * Bifurcation from self-interest to correlated action (Phelps & Hubler, 2006)
 * Decomposition into modular organizations with hardening boundaries (Surie & Hazy, 2006)
 * Styles and acts of leadership impact group stability (Dal Forno & Merlone, 2006)

Hierarchy

 * Leader roles emerge and persist (Carley & Ren, 2000; Spada, 2007)
 * Certain conditions lead formal leadership attractor dynamics and thus to hierarchy (Panzar et al., 2007)
 * Leaders recognizing self-organized patterns, both good and bad to monitor and maintain hierarchy (Buckle-Henning & Dugan, in press)

Coordination

 * Exploration & exploitation (Hazy, in press-b)
 * Centralized versus decentralized control (Solow & Szmerekovsky, 2006)

Additional Reading: This topic is discussed in detail in the book //[|Complex Systems Leadership Theory]//